When creating a cable line, it is not difficult to damage the insulation, which extends the investment and involves additional costs. Therefore, it is necessary to use appropriate equipment and to be guided by good practices and health and safety principles. It is not without reason that seemingly simple protections, such as glass fiber or cable stockings.

Ways of laying cables

When laying a cable, we deal with many risk factors that can cause damage such as: uneven terrain, too high speed or pulling force or improper cable running in the crews. You must be careful about the possibility of electrical, environmental and mechanical damage. To avoid them, three different cable pulling methods are used:

• With the help of a special cable head,
• Using a specially pressed handle that allows you to pull the cable working vein,
• Using the handle for pulling behind the outer coating of the cable (so -called cable sheet).

However, regardless of the way the cable is taken, the interaction of the turning force on the cable cannot be avoided, which is why there is a risk of damage. In addition to such equipment as a hydraulic crimp, therefore, swivel, i.e. rotary connectors, which reduce it. However, swivel with rolling bearing cannot be used here because they are intended for overhead lines, not cable lines.

It is also necessary to anchor the winch so that its position does not change when laying the cable. Choosing a winch also matters, because it is good if it is equipped with an automatic pulling force limiter that will turn off the drive when the maximum permissible value is achieved. It is also necessary to follow the permissible bending values of the cable. It is worth remembering that the permissible bending radius of the cable must be preserved if no longitudinal forces affect the cable. It can be referred to it when we introduce a cable to energy devices, e.g. switchgears or on the poles of the overhead line. However, the permissible bending radius with a cable beater radius cannot be identified. This is a different value and refers to the radius of the cable deflection on the cable line route, when the longitudinal force works - according to the actions of the winch. It is therefore necessary to set the angle rollers to avoid damage.

What does the cable mechanical drainage look like?

For mechanical pouring the cable, it is necessary to use a winch. In addition to anchoring and control of pulling force, you must remember the required speed: it should be smoothly increased from 0 to a maximum of 25 m/min. It is also necessary to supervise the work of the winch.

Cable capture is possible in several ways. A simple solution is to use the pulling pitch, which was mounted by the manufacturer. An alternative to the eye is simply a pulling head. If the cable is pulled with a pressed cable tip, it is necessary to protect against moisture and dirt. For this purpose, tape or a heat shrink pipe is usually used. A single or triple stocking, single or triple, will also work for capturing the cable. However, the sheets for overhead lines cannot be used due to the differences in parameters.

A section that needs to be cut off is dependent on the method of capturing the cable. If the cable is pulled behind the main vein, you need to cut off 0.5 meters, and if the stockings are used: 110% of its length. It is also necessary to use cable rollers on the route: of course, V -type rollers are the most popular, but usually rollers and end rollers are also necessary. Very simple equipment, such as cable steel, is also useful for dragging cables.

Is manual cable transfer permissible?

Manually carrying the cable is permissible, but only under certain conditions. First of all, the employee must keep him in both hands. Secondly, during transport, the cable cannot rub against the ground or any other elements. You must also be careful about the permissible bending radius to avoid damage. Such work should not be performed alone, because the weight per employee cannot exceed 25 kg, and the distance between subsequent people cannot be greater than 4 meters. It is not allowed, for example, to move the cable on the shoulder.

Manual stretching of the cable is also possible only in specific situations. This solution is allowed if we are talking about a short section, not exceeding 100 meters. Long culverts cannot be located there. The cable is laid in the form of a loop on the edge of the excavation, and then draws it into the excavation, in the opposite direction to the method of rolling the loop. Employees should be divided into groups: the first of them pulls the tip of the cable, the next controls the cable dragging and its rollers.

Cable lines are less emergency and safer than overhead, but due to the fairly high investment cost, it is very important to follow good practices to avoid damage to the laid cables.