Cable lines are planned in such a way that there are as few elements of infrastructure, installations, etc. as possible. However, it is not real that the cable line runs in a straight line without having to avoid any obstacles. For practical reasons and safety, therefore, constructions such as tunnels, channels, windows and cable flyovers are used.

Tunnels and cable rooms

The cable tunnel is a special room in which cables and wires are laid. It should be at least 80 cm wide (in places of communication crossings) and 200 cm high. It is necessary to provide a safe environment to protect the cables from damage. First of all, tunnels and cable rooms must be made of non -flammable materials. It is also necessary to plan their construction in such a way as to maximally prevent water penetration and pollution. To maintain safety rules, therefore, not only equipment designed for laying, such as cable developing, but also proper design of tunnels and other cable lines.

In tunnels, it is also necessary to provide a number of security against various factors that can cause cable damage. Dehydration is mainly used here, because moisture inevitably leads to corrosion. In addition, it is necessary to ensure a natural or artificial air supply, with the possibility of interrupting it if necessary. Requirements for the width of the communication crossing are not accidental - they must allow people to evacuate. If the tunnel is longer than 20 meters, electric lighting should be ensured.

Fire protection is very important. If the tunnel is more than 100 meters, it is necessary to divide it into fire zones with a length of a maximum of 100 meters (50 meters is recommended). The zones should be separated with fireproofs with fire resistance at least 30 minutes.

Cable channels

The cable channel is used to install cables above the ground or in the ground. You can lead it in the floor or above it. Different types of channels are used: open or closed. Their dimensions are so small that of course it is not possible to enter people. However, it is possible to access installation pipes, wires and cables has the entire length of the channel, which is useful during maintenance and possible repairs. For installation, rollers for cable troughs are necessary, but you also need to meet a number of other requirements. First of all, like tunnels, the channels should be made of non -flammable materials. It is important that the plates from which they consist are removed along the entire length of the channel, but it is allowed to create channels to which there is no access from above (but not at a length of more than 200 cm). Due to the threat of corrosion, dehydration is also necessary here. In terms of fire protection, more than one solution is allowed. First of all, the whole channel can be covered with sand. The alternative is the use of a division into fire zones using fire told. However, it must be taken into account that strongholds cannot hinder drainage. The channels are used in very different locations, so the risk of moisture getting there is not the same anywhere. If the channel is located in a building or above groundwater level, the ground bottom is allowed. However, they must be properly secured: a 10-centimeter layer of compacted gravel and sand.

Cable glass

Cable windows are another design used when creating cable lines. These are a separate, vertical culverts that connect at least two floors of the building. The cables are attached here on ladders or in cable channels. Cable glass should also be made of non -flammable materials. In addition, they are divided into fire zones with a 90 -minute fire resistance. It is necessary to provide access to each fire zone to enable operational work.

Cable flyover

Frands are also called cable platforms. These are above -ground constructions for laying cables. Their parts usually include shelves, ladders or cable trays. Open, sheltered or closed flyovers are used. For safety reasons, it is necessary to ground the metal structure. The platforms protect the cables against direct sunlight. They must be built in such a way as to allow cleaning of dust cables and other impurities. When designing the flyover, the prospects for the development of the installation are also taken into account. Mechanical strength and space must be adapted to this to be able to add more cables in the future.

Surrounding covers

When conducting lines, protection against mechanical damage is various types of rollers, such as an angle roller for cables. Protection is also necessary during the operation of the line. Therefore, covers resistant to external factors are used. They are additional protection against moisture, because they must be mounted in such a way that water or mud gathers inside. After laying the cables, the cover is sealed with non -flammable material.

Running a cable line requires thoughtful design: elements such as channels, flyovers and cable windows are necessary. For each of them, it is crucial to provide fire protection.