In the process of creating electrical installations, it is extremely important that all used materials meet the requirements specified in standards. At the same time, it is worth using practical examples and studies available in scientific and research and design offices specializing in this field. These materials are a valuable practical tool that can be used in real designs, helping to ensure the safety and efficiency of electrical installations: also cable lines.
Types of power and signaling cables
Win insulation plays a key role in ensuring the safety and reliability of electric cables. Depending on the needs and operating conditions, various types of insulation are used, such as paper, rubber and plastics. Paper insulation, for example, is made of cable paper tapes saturated with a special electrical insulation. This process not only improves the dielectric properties of insulation, but also reduces the risk of moisture, which is crucial in maintaining cable durability. It is also worth noting that some cables, especially those arranged in difficult terrain, use crumbling or non -extinguishing, depending on the differences in levels, and additional protection is provided by lead armor. Due to numerous protections, solid hydraulic shears are necessary for cutting cables.
The cable coating plays a key role in securing insulation against the influence of external factors, such as moisture and harmful chemicals, while increasing the level of safety of its use. Various types of coatings are available on the market, including metal ones, such as lead and aluminum, as well as those made of steel tapes or plastics. Today, cables with plastic coatings with increased fire resistance are becoming more and more popular, which is important for cables used in demanding conditions. There are various fire resistance classes, which are usually specified in its symbol.
Cable filling is an important element in preventing air ionization inside the cable, which is crucial for its reliability. Filling is an insulation material placed between the cable's veins and its coating, the purpose of which is to maintain an appropriate level of insulation. For this purpose, various materials, such as paper, plastics and fibrous materials, are used, which can be saturated with oils. The choice of the right filling depends on the specifications of a given design and the requirements for the stability of the cable in difficult operating conditions.
Cable markings
Cable markings play a key role in ensuring clarity and unambiguous cable identification in various electrical systems. There are many national cable marking systems, usually differing in symbolism, but aimed at providing important information about a specific cable. Symbols contain important information, such as vein material, type of insulation, fire protection level or the ability to spread fire, a type of coating, insulation, presence of armor, type of filling, and type of special veins. The letter symbol often precedes the digital symbol, which contains information on phase and interstitial voltage, and at the end of the symbol there is data on the quantity and cross -section of the veins. This comprehensive designation makes it easier to identify and understand the capacity of the cable, which is crucial in the electrical industry. Due to the complex construction of cables and the need to ensure their continuity, when combined, equipment such as cable matrices is used.
Accessories in cable lines
Cable muffs and heads play a key role in cable lines, enabling not only the creation of cable connections and endings, but also to protect the interior of the cable against the negative influence of moisture and other external factors. There are many types of cable muff, including through and branch (tee), and different types of cable heads, such as interior and overhead. To ensure the correct installation of this equipment and guarantee the unchanged usable properties of the cable, it is necessary to use the so -called assembly cards.
Similarly to other works, a pipe developer is used, so with cable lines you need winches or rollers that allow you to safely lay cables. However, you should not forget about connections and ends. In the case of non -headed endings, which are used in the interior of cables with a voltage of up to 1 kV, there is a requirement not to connect them with paper insulation cables and ensure effective protection against moisture and condensation. In contrast, tape accessories are ideal primarily for cables with rated voltages of 15-20 kV and plastic insulation, such as polyethylene. This systematic approach to cable mounting allows for effective management of subsequent types of cables in various operating conditions.
The variety of types of tapes and cable accessories plays a key role in adapting electrical installations to specific situations and needs. Insulation tapes (self -adhesive and adhesive) are used, with the help of which the cable insulation is reproduced. Added tapes additionally protect against moisture cables with a voltage of up to 1 kV.
For cables with plastic insulation (rated voltage up to 1 kV), accessories made of heat -shrink and cold -sided materials are used, which have the capacity of return deformability (shape memory) after heating or cooling. There is also mixed (combined) and prefabricated accessories, which allows you to make connections and cables ends in an unusual manner or using various cable types, which increases flexibility and adaptation to different installation methods.
