In today's world, where the development of infrastructure plays a key role in providing constant access to electricity, the effective arrangement of cables in channels and tunnels becomes necessary. As the more and more complex telecommunications and energy systems are introduced, understanding the principles of effective location of cables becomes a priority of engineers and designers.
Principles of laying cables in channels and tunnels
Energy infrastructure can also pass through channels and tunnels. So you need appropriate equipment, just like the chain winchIn the construction of overhead lines, but here we do not work at height, but in small spaces. In tunnels and channels, the cables should be laid on supporting structures, walls or at the bottom of the canal/tunnel. The alternative is also the use of structures or suspended handles to the tunnel ceiling, which allows flexibility in the distribution. When laying cables, the minimum cable distance from the wall is important, of at least 1 cm to avoid potential damage and ensure free access in the case of maintenance.
An important aspect is to avoid laying cables in areas intended for operating service, which can lead to cable damage and hinders maintenance. However, it is allowed to lay cables at the bottom of the tunnel in the service passes, provided that the platform above the cables is used, which is protected by both the staff and the cables themselves.
In the case of cables passes through the tunnel partitions, it is necessary to seal them with non -flammable material, which is additional protection against potential fire hazards. In addition, in situations where there is a risk of explosion or fire, it is allowed to cover cable channels with sand, which can be another protective barrier.
Distribution of cables in tunnels and channels
Effective arrangement of cables in channels and tunnels requires the precise application of the rules specified for different types of cables. When laying, it is therefore necessary not only to protect against damage with such equipment as cable link, but above all an expert project, taking into account the proper distribution of cables. Cables with rated voltages up to 30 kV or signaling cables should be arranged on separate shelves in a set order, where signal cables occupy the lower positions, followed by power cables with a voltage up to 1 kV, power cables with the highest rated voltage, and finally power cables with lower voltage. You can place cables with different parameters next to each other, provided that you use the appropriate metal partitions that protect against potential interference. Cables with a rated voltage higher than 30 kV should be carried out on separate routes, although their joint route is allowed provided fireproof insulation with a fire strength of 60 minutes.
In relation to the distance between the cables, these rules are strictly defined, taking into account the diameters of the cable and the spacing between them. This applies to both power cables with the same voltage and those with different voltages, with attention to maintaining minimal distances to avoid potential electromagnetic interference and fire hazards. Compliance with these rules is crucial for the effective and safe functioning of canals and tunnel infrastructure, both in terms of energy and telecommunications. The key is the proper handling of wires: with overhead lines, the belt winch is used here, and in cable lines - cable, usually hydraulic.
Fastening the wires in tunnels and cables
Effective mounting of wires in tunnels and cables is a key aspect for maintaining infrastructure integrity. According to the guidelines, the cables can be arranged on support constructions that are attached to the walls, ceilings or floors. Fastening cables using handles or hangers is necessary, both for cables laid on the walls and under the ceilings, having regard to avoid damage and deformation of cables.
On horizontal support constructions, cables can be laid freely, while on vertical or inclined support constructions they should be fastened in such a way as to prevent their free movement. In relation to the distance between the cable mounting or suspension places, it is important that they are carefully selected, preventing the charging of the cable and excessive stress under the influence of their own weight.
According to the recommendations, the distance between the places of attachment, suspension or support of the cable should not exceed 80 cm with horizontal or inclined stacking at an angle not more than 30 ° and 120 cm when laying vertical or inclined at an angle greater than 30 °. In addition, it is recommended to attach cables on both sides of the muff and under the cable head, which increases the stability of the entire system and minimizes the risk of cable damage. Careful compliance with these principles is not only ensured by the safety of the installation, but also the effective functioning of wires in tunnels and channels.
