Failures of overhead lines are a common problem in the field of electricity, generating not only inconveniences for recipients, but also potential threats to public security and serious economic losses. Understanding the causes of these failures is crucial for preventing them and improving the reliability of the power system. Failures of overhead lines can have various sources, from external factors, such as weather phenomena, to internal technical factors and human errors. In this article, we will discuss the main causes of overhead lines failure and the ways in which they can be prevented to increase the reliability and security of the power system.
The most common reasons for the failure of national overhead lines
The most common reasons for the failure of national overhead lines are diverse, including both natural, technical and human factors. Adverse weather conditions are one of the main sources of problems. Extreme weather phenomena, such as snowstorms, heavy wet snowfall, icy, orkans, storms and storms with atmospheric discharge, can lead to serious damage to infrastructure. Turning or breaking trees from outside the normative straps, broken branches and branches, as well as other items can cause permanent damage to overhead lines, including ripping wires, breaking poles and damage to insulators, which results in short circuits and emergency exclusions of durable or transient lines. In Poland, extreme sudden weather phenomena with high severity are increasingly common, which further increases the risk of failure.
Technical reasons also play an important role in overhead lines failures. The aging and fatigue of the materials from which the network infrastructure is made lead to problems such as breaking or damage to wires and insulators, damage to switches and exploding transformers. Incorrect actions or damage to security systems can further complicate the situation, increasing the risk of failure. Special equipment such as during construction and repair pulley.
Other causes of failure include human actions and unforeseen events. Human errors, actions of bystanders, mechanical damage to overhead lines during construction or field work and the presence of foreign elements on devices are just some of the factors affecting failure rates. In addition, animals and birds can also cause damage to the line, which adds another level of complexity to the management and maintenance of power networks.
How to reduce the risk of overhead lines failure?
Prevention of national overhead lines is associated with activities aimed at both reducing the risk of such failures and minimizing interruptions in the supply of electricity caused by these failures. These activities include systematic and planned operation of the power network, the modernization of infrastructure, and the implementation of agents to improve network immunity to extreme weather conditions. An important element is also improving location processes and removal of failures.
The systematic operation of the overhead power network involves regularly inspection of the line, periodic cutting of trees and shrubs near them, and on inspections of lines and power equipment. These activities allow early detection of potential threats and eliminating them, which significantly reduces the risk of failure.
Modernization of network infrastructure is a key element in preventing failures. It includes the modernization of long overhead medium lines (SN) and low voltage (NN) using modern technologies. In particular, the reconstruction of overhead lines into cable lines and the removal of overhead lines from forest areas are activities that significantly increase the reliability of the network. Cable lines are less exposed to weather conditions and mechanical damage, which translates into improving reliability indicators such as Saidi and Saifi. During construction, it is also necessary to use such equipment asrope suspension.
The implementation of activities aimed at improving the network resistance to extreme weather conditions includes the replacement of bare cables for cable and non -insulated lines in the SN network and isolated in the NN network. Automation of the SN network, implementation of control and supervision systems, and the development of digital communication are next steps to increase the efficiency of the network. The modernization of the SN/NN power stations and increasing the possibilities of reconfiguration networks allow for faster and more effective failure management.
Limiting breaks in supplying electricity requires immediate response to failures. The quick location of the place of damage, making the necessary switches and efficient repair actions are important here. Disposer, service and energy emergency services, which must act in accordance with established procedures, play a key role. Their equipment must contain primarily the necessary elements such as rope handles.
In order to maintain continuity of electricity supply, temporary solutions are also used, such as power supply from power generators or the use of service mobile cable lines. These lines can be quickly distributed on Earth, which allows you to quickly restore power without the need for long -term construction works.
Removing overhead lines fails is often associated with work in difficult terrain and atmospheric conditions. Service teams must be properly equipped with specialized equipment, such as basket lifts, saws, and off -road vehicles, which allows them to effectively and safely operate. Increased mobilization of services is often necessary for large failures caused by extreme weather phenomena.
Crisis operations, such as mass failures, are exactly specified in the instructions of energy enterprises. They contain the principles of cooperation with external executive companies and detailed instructions for conduct, which ensures quick and effective removal of failures and restoring electricity supplies.
